There have been some bugs in interaction with Illustrator and After Effects in CS5 and CS5.5.
You can work around the nastiest of these bugs by making sure that Render Multiple Frames Simultaneously multiprocessing is turned off in After Effects.
Also, make sure that you've installed the latest bug-fix updates:
http://adobe.ly/lsrkmJ
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Todd Kopriva, Adobe Systems Incorporated
product manager, professional video software
After Effects team blog
Premiere Pro team blog
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