Hi Charles,
I'm not sure to what "other" things you are referring specifically but indeed the environment can be a very powerful tool that's sadly faded a bit into the background in recent releases of Logic. (Back in the old days the environment used to be the first place you'd go to to create a virtual representation of your studio, without that step you couldn't really do a lot with Logic ...).
Basically all the tools in the environment either create, transform, modify or filter midi controller data, a good way to experiment is to create a single midi input, attach a monitor then go out to a module you want to try out and chain that to a second monitor so you can easily see the differences from input vs. output.
Experimenting a lot is imho the best way to figure it all out but if you're more into reading about it here's a link that I find does a lot of good explaining on the subject (albeit missing some items).
http://audio.tutsplus.com/tutorials/recording/understanding-logic-pros-envi...
What also helps is to google for some environments to download and have a look at how they're set up.
Good luck!
André