QuickTime currently is only able to transform movies to 8bit images, which actually is "Millions of Colors". And TIFFs can only be 256 colors, Millions and Trillions.
A possible solution would involve AfterEffects:
Set AE project to 16 bit rendering, drop clip in browser, create new sequence from it and export as SuperTIFF (see below) image sequence with "Trillions of Colors".
SuperTIFF - free AfterEffects TIFF format replacement plugin (faster, better).
http://www.fnordware.com/supertiff/
You end up with one (or more :) TIFF images containing the 10 bit information from the movie clip wrapped in an 16 bit file.
Hope this helps, Oliver